7 - Spruce Seedling - Click on image to enlarge

Boreal Forest, NE British Columbia, Fort St. John. A spruce seedling doing well in a VH Mulcher mound. Heavy grass competition was not significant enough to hold back the performance of this seedling. Notice the change in vegetation species (to a less competitive species) that occurred in the excavation are in the foreground. This work was performed by an excavator during the winter when the ground was covered by more than 2 feet of snow. Dense clay soils, 12 years since logging. Suggested cost $0.40 per spot.